China has become the world's super-hard tool material-producing countries
With industrial materials and precision machinery industrial development, precision machining, ultra-precision machining and cutting difficult to increase the use of materials, the application of super-hard materials tool increasingly widespread.
Superhard Materials Tool with high work efficiency, long life and good processing quality characteristics, in the past mainly used for finishing, in recent years due to improved artificial superhard tool material production processes, control of the purity of raw materials and grain size, use Composite materials and pressing process, constantly expanding the scope of application, in addition to the general suitable for semi-finishing and finishing, can also be used to rough and was recognized on the international contemporary improve productivity the most promising one of the tool material . Use of super-hard materials processing steel, cast iron, nonferrous metals and alloys, and other parts of its cutting speed of a comparable number of high-grade carbide, carbide tool life than high scores, or even several hundred times. At the same time it's there, but also the traditional concept of change, superhard tool often used to direct cars, milling and grinding (or polishing), the hardened parts processing, can be used instead of a single process multi-channel process, greatly reducing process .
Superhard Materials Development Tool
Superhard tool material is natural diamond and hardness, with properties similar to the synthetic diamond and CBN (CBN). As the price of natural diamonds more expensive, so most of the production on the use of artificial polycrystalline diamond (PCD), polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN), and their composite materials.
As early as the 1950s, the United States on the use of artificial diamond powder and artificial CBN powder in high-temperature, high pressure, and the catalyst of the role of sintered into larger blocks as a tool of polycrystalline materials. After South Africa-Bill (DeBeers), the former Soviet Union and Japan have also successfully developed. The early 1970s also introduced the CBN and diamond or carbide composite films, they are in carbide base on the suppression of a sintering or 0.5 mm ~ 1mm of PCD
PCBN from, so as to solve the superhard tool material bending strength low, inserts difficult issues such as welding, so that the super-hard cutter into the practical application stage. At present, there is a synthetic single crystal diamond, and with CVD (chemical vapor deposition) to the legal system and diamond film coatings of diamond, and other functions of the thick film material, greatly widened the superhard tool material applications.
China's super-hard materials for cutting tool and application began in the 1970s, and in 1970 in Guiyang, the construction of China's first super-hard materials and products, specializing in the production plant - the sixth Shalun Chang, from 1970 to 1990 in exactly 20 , Superhard materials output only 460,000 kt to 35 million karats. Before and after the 1990s, many professional super-hard materials production plants introduced from abroad a set of super-hard synthetic materials equipment and technology, the rapid development of production to China in 1997, synthetic diamond production had reached around 500 million karats, CBN annual production of 8000000 kt, the largest in the world super-hard materials on the production of the first big country.
Tool of Superhard Materials
Diamond is highly hardness and wear resistance, the microhardness up to 10000 HV, is the tool material in the most hard materials. At the same time its coefficient of friction small, with no affinity for non-ferrous metals, chip-out, high thermal conductivity, cutting difficult to produce crumbs of plot, processing the surface of good quality. The effective processing non-ferrous metal materials and non-metallic materials such as copper, aluminum and other nonferrous metals and alloys, ceramics, sintered at the end of the carbide, all kinds of particles and fibers to strengthen the composite materials, plastics, rubber, graphite, glass And all kinds of wear-resistant wood (especially the solid wood and plywood, and other composite materials).
Diamond is the toughness of the shortcomings of poor, low thermal stability. 700 ℃ ~ 800 ℃ easy when carbonation, is not suitable for processing iron and steel materials. Because under high temperature and easy to iron atoms of carbon graphite which it into a structure. In addition, it used cutting-nickel alloy, the same will quickly wear.
CBN second only to the hardness of diamond (up to 8000 HV ~ 9000HV), and high thermal stability (of 1250 ℃ ~ 1350 ℃), the iron-group elements inert chemical, anti-bonding ability, and can be used diamond grinding wheel Cut open the blade, it suitable for processing all kinds of hardened steel, thermal spray materials, iron and Chilled more than 35 HRC and cobalt-nickel-based and other hard-to-cut materials.
Superhard tool materials are broad prospects for application
Superhard Materials is an advanced tool of the tool material, in production has broad application prospects. Tool man-made super-hard materials, the crystal to coarse particles, high-intensity, multi-functional direction. GE's U.S. industrial production is now available to 6 kt weight of synthetic diamond (about 10 mm), the largest heavy particles of 11.14 kt. PCD is the large-diameter, fine-grained, high-impact, high fever stability direction. PCD has the largest diameter of up to 74 mm, and then use the laser cut into any shape. PCD particle size of goods for 2 μ m ~ 25 μ m; the finer particles, the better the quality of the cutting edge of the particle is, the longer tool life. DeBeers company's PCBN products, the largest diameter of 101.6 mm, Machinable high hardness of 70 HRC materials. In addition, according to the patent, the United Kingdom has also developed a blade in the PCD and PCBN external surface with a layer of CVD deposition of nickel, copper, titanium, cobalt, chromium, a mixture of tantalum and titanium nitride or titanium carbide protection Coating, its wear resistance than ordinary PCD and PCBN blade four times higher.
CVD diamond films and thick film in recent years developed a new functional materials, although so far the scale of production has not yet formed, but because of their performance, share a wide range of uses.
Natural and synthetic single crystal diamond, and the PCD and the TFD exists between the cross-cutting areas of application, to a certain extent, they can complement each other, under different circumstances, in particular the cost performance to be selected. Is expected in the new century, superhard materials CBN and diamond cutter will be more applications, may find that creating a new tool of varieties, with superior performance. According to Lellond company, they developed a ceramic + CBN from the super-hard composite material, both ceramic and CBN the merits of two materials, high-speed processing of high ideals and hard wear-resistant cast iron materials. Also, the use of raw materials of graphite-crystal diamond and diamond today for the C12, has been research, C13 and C60 isotope is even more rigid. A few years ago, Wuhan University developed a C3N4/TiN film, also with the nature of superhard materials, with its high-speed steel drill bit in the coating, the drill will greatly enhance life. It is expected that the future with all kinds of new applications difficult to cut materials increased and will further promote the superhard tool material development and application.
With industrial materials and precision machinery industrial development, precision machining, ultra-precision machining and cutting difficult to increase the use of materials, the application of super-hard materials tool increasingly widespread.
Superhard Materials Tool with high work efficiency, long life and good processing quality characteristics, in the past mainly used for finishing, in recent years due to improved artificial superhard tool material production processes, control of the purity of raw materials and grain size, use Composite materials and pressing process, constantly expanding the scope of application, in addition to the general suitable for semi-finishing and finishing, can also be used to rough and was recognized on the international contemporary improve productivity the most promising one of the tool material . Use of super-hard materials processing steel, cast iron, nonferrous metals and alloys, and other parts of its cutting speed of a comparable number of high-grade carbide, carbide tool life than high scores, or even several hundred times. At the same time it's there, but also the traditional concept of change, superhard tool often used to direct cars, milling and grinding (or polishing), the hardened parts processing, can be used instead of a single process multi-channel process, greatly reducing process .
Superhard Materials Development Tool
Superhard tool material is natural diamond and hardness, with properties similar to the synthetic diamond and CBN (CBN). As the price of natural diamonds more expensive, so most of the production on the use of artificial polycrystalline diamond (PCD), polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN), and their composite materials.
As early as the 1950s, the United States on the use of artificial diamond powder and artificial CBN powder in high-temperature, high pressure, and the catalyst of the role of sintered into larger blocks as a tool of polycrystalline materials. After South Africa-Bill (DeBeers), the former Soviet Union and Japan have also successfully developed. The early 1970s also introduced the CBN and diamond or carbide composite films, they are in carbide base on the suppression of a sintering or 0.5 mm ~ 1mm of PCD
PCBN from, so as to solve the superhard tool material bending strength low, inserts difficult issues such as welding, so that the super-hard cutter into the practical application stage. At present, there is a synthetic single crystal diamond, and with CVD (chemical vapor deposition) to the legal system and diamond film coatings of diamond, and other functions of the thick film material, greatly widened the superhard tool material applications.
China's super-hard materials for cutting tool and application began in the 1970s, and in 1970 in Guiyang, the construction of China's first super-hard materials and products, specializing in the production plant - the sixth Shalun Chang, from 1970 to 1990 in exactly 20 , Superhard materials output only 460,000 kt to 35 million karats. Before and after the 1990s, many professional super-hard materials production plants introduced from abroad a set of super-hard synthetic materials equipment and technology, the rapid development of production to China in 1997, synthetic diamond production had reached around 500 million karats, CBN annual production of 8000000 kt, the largest in the world super-hard materials on the production of the first big country.
Tool of Superhard Materials
Diamond is highly hardness and wear resistance, the microhardness up to 10000 HV, is the tool material in the most hard materials. At the same time its coefficient of friction small, with no affinity for non-ferrous metals, chip-out, high thermal conductivity, cutting difficult to produce crumbs of plot, processing the surface of good quality. The effective processing non-ferrous metal materials and non-metallic materials such as copper, aluminum and other nonferrous metals and alloys, ceramics, sintered at the end of the carbide, all kinds of particles and fibers to strengthen the composite materials, plastics, rubber, graphite, glass And all kinds of wear-resistant wood (especially the solid wood and plywood, and other composite materials).
Diamond is the toughness of the shortcomings of poor, low thermal stability. 700 ℃ ~ 800 ℃ easy when carbonation, is not suitable for processing iron and steel materials. Because under high temperature and easy to iron atoms of carbon graphite which it into a structure. In addition, it used cutting-nickel alloy, the same will quickly wear.
CBN second only to the hardness of diamond (up to 8000 HV ~ 9000HV), and high thermal stability (of 1250 ℃ ~ 1350 ℃), the iron-group elements inert chemical, anti-bonding ability, and can be used diamond grinding wheel Cut open the blade, it suitable for processing all kinds of hardened steel, thermal spray materials, iron and Chilled more than 35 HRC and cobalt-nickel-based and other hard-to-cut materials.
Superhard tool materials are broad prospects for application
Superhard Materials is an advanced tool of the tool material, in production has broad application prospects. Tool man-made super-hard materials, the crystal to coarse particles, high-intensity, multi-functional direction. GE's U.S. industrial production is now available to 6 kt weight of synthetic diamond (about 10 mm), the largest heavy particles of 11.14 kt. PCD is the large-diameter, fine-grained, high-impact, high fever stability direction. PCD has the largest diameter of up to 74 mm, and then use the laser cut into any shape. PCD particle size of goods for 2 μ m ~ 25 μ m; the finer particles, the better the quality of the cutting edge of the particle is, the longer tool life. DeBeers company's PCBN products, the largest diameter of 101.6 mm, Machinable high hardness of 70 HRC materials. In addition, according to the patent, the United Kingdom has also developed a blade in the PCD and PCBN external surface with a layer of CVD deposition of nickel, copper, titanium, cobalt, chromium, a mixture of tantalum and titanium nitride or titanium carbide protection Coating, its wear resistance than ordinary PCD and PCBN blade four times higher.
CVD diamond films and thick film in recent years developed a new functional materials, although so far the scale of production has not yet formed, but because of their performance, share a wide range of uses.
Natural and synthetic single crystal diamond, and the PCD and the TFD exists between the cross-cutting areas of application, to a certain extent, they can complement each other, under different circumstances, in particular the cost performance to be selected. Is expected in the new century, superhard materials CBN and diamond cutter will be more applications, may find that creating a new tool of varieties, with superior performance. According to Lellond company, they developed a ceramic + CBN from the super-hard composite material, both ceramic and CBN the merits of two materials, high-speed processing of high ideals and hard wear-resistant cast iron materials. Also, the use of raw materials of graphite-crystal diamond and diamond today for the C12, has been research, C13 and C60 isotope is even more rigid. A few years ago, Wuhan University developed a C3N4/TiN film, also with the nature of superhard materials, with its high-speed steel drill bit in the coating, the drill will greatly enhance life. It is expected that the future with all kinds of new applications difficult to cut materials increased and will further promote the superhard tool material development and application.