Superhard Materials Development Tool
Tool of Superhard Materials
Diamond hardness and high wear resistance, the microhardness up to 10000 HV, is the tool material in the most hard materials. The friction coefficient of small diamond, with no affinity for non-ferrous metals, chip-out, high thermal conductivity, cutting difficult to produce crumbs of plot, processing the surface of good quality. The effective processing non-ferrous metal materials and non-metallic materials such as copper, aluminum and other nonferrous metals and alloys, ceramics, not the sintering Carbide, all kinds of particles and fibers to strengthen the composite materials, plastics, rubber, graphite, glass And all kinds of wear-resistant wood (especially the solid wood and plywood, and other composite materials).
Diamond is the toughness of the shortcomings of poor, low thermal stability. 700 ℃ ~ 800 ℃ easy when carbonation, is not suitable for processing iron and steel materials. Because under high temperature, iron and carbon atom-atom and the role it into a graphite structure. In addition, use it to the processing of nickel-based alloys, tool will quickly wear.
Cubic boron nitride (CBN) second only to the hardness of diamond, hardness up to 8000 HV ~ 9000HV, thermal stability and high (up to 1250 ℃ ~ 1350 ℃), the iron-group elements inert chemical, anti-bonding ability, and Diamond grinding wheel to open the blade, suitable for processing all kinds of hardened steel, thermal spray materials, iron and hardness Chilled to 35 HRC over the cobalt-and nickel-processing difficult materials.
Tool development of super-hard materials
Because of the high cost of natural diamond, the most used in the production of artificial polycrystalline diamond (PCD), polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) and their composite materials.
In the 1950s the United States on the use of artificial diamond powder and man-made cubic boron nitride (CBN) powder in high temperature and high pressure, and the catalyst of the role of sintered into larger blocks as a tool of polycrystalline materials. Thereafter, the South African company De Beers, the former Soviet Union and Japan have also successfully developed. The early 1970s, has introduced CBN and diamond or carbide composite films, they are in carbide base on the suppression of a sintering or 0.5 mm ~ 1mm from the PCD or PCBN, so as to solve the super-hard materials Tool Bending low intensity, brazing difficulties, so that the super-hard cutter into the practical application stage. At present, there is a synthetic single crystal diamond (SCD), and using the legal system to CVD diamond films such as thick-film coatings of diamond and functional materials, greatly widened the superhard tool material applications.
China's super-hard materials for cutting tool and application began in the 1970s, from 1970 to 1990, the annual output of superhard materials from 460,000 kt to 35 million karats. Before and after the 1990s, many professional super-hard materials from foreign manufacturers to introduce a set of super-hard materials and technical equipment of the production of man-made diamond, to increase production. According to statistics, 1997, China's annual production of synthetic diamond 500 million karats, the CBN for the annual 8 million karats. In 1999, the annual production of synthetic diamond 750 million karats, and in 2000 soared to 1.2 billion karats, become the world's largest producer of super-hard materials.
Superhard tool material development trends and application prospects
At present, single-crystal tool for man-made super-hard materials being coarse, high-intensity, multi-functional direction. GE is the U.S. company produces six kt weight of synthetic diamond (about 10 mm), the largest particle weight of 11 14克拉. Polycrystalline diamond (PCD) and to the large-diameter, fine, strong impact, high fever stability direction. The current production has reached the maximum diameter of 74 mm, can be laser cut for any shape. PCD particle size of goods for 2 ~ 25 μ m; the finer particles, the better the quality of the cutting edge of the particle is, the longer tool life. De Beers company's PCBN products, the largest diameter of 101.6 mm, Machinable hardness of 70 HRC for the high hardness of materials. In the United States developed a PCD and PCBN external surface of the blade with a layer of CVD deposition of nickel, copper, titanium, cobalt, chromium, a mixture of tantalum, and TiN or TiC protective coating, and wear resistance than ordinary PCD PCBN blade four times higher.
CVD diamond films and thick film in recent years, new research and development of functional materials, the scale of production has not yet been formed. However, because of their excellent performance, there is a wide range of uses.
Natural and synthetic single crystal diamond and PCD and TED exists between the cross-cutting areas of application, to a certain extent, they can complement each other, according to different circumstances, in particular cost performance to be selected. Is expected in the new century, superhard materials CBN and diamond cutter will be more applications, though may develop more outstanding performance of the new super-hard tool material. According to reports, Lellond company developed a ceramic + CBN from the super-hard composite materials, ceramic and CBN has the advantage of two materials, high-speed processing of high ideals and hard wear-resistant cast iron materials of graphite and the development of the diamond synthesized - Crystal; current development of the C12, C13 and C60 higher hardness of diamonds. A few years ago, Wuhan University developed a C3N4/TiN film, coated in its high-speed steel drill, drill will greatly enhance life.
Tool of Superhard Materials
Diamond hardness and high wear resistance, the microhardness up to 10000 HV, is the tool material in the most hard materials. The friction coefficient of small diamond, with no affinity for non-ferrous metals, chip-out, high thermal conductivity, cutting difficult to produce crumbs of plot, processing the surface of good quality. The effective processing non-ferrous metal materials and non-metallic materials such as copper, aluminum and other nonferrous metals and alloys, ceramics, not the sintering Carbide, all kinds of particles and fibers to strengthen the composite materials, plastics, rubber, graphite, glass And all kinds of wear-resistant wood (especially the solid wood and plywood, and other composite materials).
Diamond is the toughness of the shortcomings of poor, low thermal stability. 700 ℃ ~ 800 ℃ easy when carbonation, is not suitable for processing iron and steel materials. Because under high temperature, iron and carbon atom-atom and the role it into a graphite structure. In addition, use it to the processing of nickel-based alloys, tool will quickly wear.
Cubic boron nitride (CBN) second only to the hardness of diamond, hardness up to 8000 HV ~ 9000HV, thermal stability and high (up to 1250 ℃ ~ 1350 ℃), the iron-group elements inert chemical, anti-bonding ability, and Diamond grinding wheel to open the blade, suitable for processing all kinds of hardened steel, thermal spray materials, iron and hardness Chilled to 35 HRC over the cobalt-and nickel-processing difficult materials.
Tool development of super-hard materials
Because of the high cost of natural diamond, the most used in the production of artificial polycrystalline diamond (PCD), polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) and their composite materials.
In the 1950s the United States on the use of artificial diamond powder and man-made cubic boron nitride (CBN) powder in high temperature and high pressure, and the catalyst of the role of sintered into larger blocks as a tool of polycrystalline materials. Thereafter, the South African company De Beers, the former Soviet Union and Japan have also successfully developed. The early 1970s, has introduced CBN and diamond or carbide composite films, they are in carbide base on the suppression of a sintering or 0.5 mm ~ 1mm from the PCD or PCBN, so as to solve the super-hard materials Tool Bending low intensity, brazing difficulties, so that the super-hard cutter into the practical application stage. At present, there is a synthetic single crystal diamond (SCD), and using the legal system to CVD diamond films such as thick-film coatings of diamond and functional materials, greatly widened the superhard tool material applications.
China's super-hard materials for cutting tool and application began in the 1970s, from 1970 to 1990, the annual output of superhard materials from 460,000 kt to 35 million karats. Before and after the 1990s, many professional super-hard materials from foreign manufacturers to introduce a set of super-hard materials and technical equipment of the production of man-made diamond, to increase production. According to statistics, 1997, China's annual production of synthetic diamond 500 million karats, the CBN for the annual 8 million karats. In 1999, the annual production of synthetic diamond 750 million karats, and in 2000 soared to 1.2 billion karats, become the world's largest producer of super-hard materials.
Superhard tool material development trends and application prospects
At present, single-crystal tool for man-made super-hard materials being coarse, high-intensity, multi-functional direction. GE is the U.S. company produces six kt weight of synthetic diamond (about 10 mm), the largest particle weight of 11 14克拉. Polycrystalline diamond (PCD) and to the large-diameter, fine, strong impact, high fever stability direction. The current production has reached the maximum diameter of 74 mm, can be laser cut for any shape. PCD particle size of goods for 2 ~ 25 μ m; the finer particles, the better the quality of the cutting edge of the particle is, the longer tool life. De Beers company's PCBN products, the largest diameter of 101.6 mm, Machinable hardness of 70 HRC for the high hardness of materials. In the United States developed a PCD and PCBN external surface of the blade with a layer of CVD deposition of nickel, copper, titanium, cobalt, chromium, a mixture of tantalum, and TiN or TiC protective coating, and wear resistance than ordinary PCD PCBN blade four times higher.
CVD diamond films and thick film in recent years, new research and development of functional materials, the scale of production has not yet been formed. However, because of their excellent performance, there is a wide range of uses.
Natural and synthetic single crystal diamond and PCD and TED exists between the cross-cutting areas of application, to a certain extent, they can complement each other, according to different circumstances, in particular cost performance to be selected. Is expected in the new century, superhard materials CBN and diamond cutter will be more applications, though may develop more outstanding performance of the new super-hard tool material. According to reports, Lellond company developed a ceramic + CBN from the super-hard composite materials, ceramic and CBN has the advantage of two materials, high-speed processing of high ideals and hard wear-resistant cast iron materials of graphite and the development of the diamond synthesized - Crystal; current development of the C12, C13 and C60 higher hardness of diamonds. A few years ago, Wuhan University developed a C3N4/TiN film, coated in its high-speed steel drill, drill will greatly enhance life.